Natal teeth erupt in utero, whereas neonatal teeth present during the first month of life. The lower central incisors are the most frequently affected teeth. The etiology is unknown, and the choice of treatment depends on several factors. The purpose of this paper is to review 23 cases of children with natal or neonatal teeth who attended a dental care program in a university maternal and infant oral health clinic. There was no gender predilection. Most were natal teeth (83 percent) and presented a mild degree of mobility (64 percent). Only two patients had breast-feeding difficulties (nine percent). Tooth maintenance was the most common treatment of choice (64 percent), and only two patients presented Riga-Fede disease (nine percent).<br />The 'problem' of the (neo)natal tooth is discussed in conjunction with a report of two cases and a review of the literature. The estimated incidence is between 1:700 and 1:3500 births. Girls are more often affected than boys. It usually concerns the two lower central deciduous incisors. The cause is most likely to be a superficial position of the tooth-germ, in which a hereditary component is a positive factor. The tooth is often deficient and very mobile, which may require treatment. In these cases extraction is the best therapy, if necessary after administration of vitamin K.<br />Natal teeth are present at birth, whereas neonatal teeth erupt during the first postnatal month. Mobile natal or neonatal teeth should be removed to prevent aspiration.