<br />مقالة للطالبة: آيه عامر عبد الرضا سفيرة الأستدامة المرحلة الرابعة في كلية الصيدلة <br /><br />What is Tranexamic acid and how did it develop to use in cosmetic?<br />Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine used to prevent bleeding and has been shown when administered orally to be effective against melasma. Several studies have shown that topically applied TXA is also effective against melasma, and skin hyperpigmentation caused by sunburn and inflammation.<br />How does it work on bleeding and hyperpigmentation?<br />There is an enzyme in blood its name “plasmin”. In some cases Plasmin breaks blood clotting and causes bleeding. The first drug was discovered is Epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA)<br />Then developed to Tranexamic acid and it is stronger than EACA.<br />Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine and this amino acid considered highly inhibitor to the plasmin, so in this way can reduce the bleeding .<br />The second mechanism of the Tranexamic acid on the melanin.<br />Melanin is produced by melanocytes and is constantly supplied to the surrounding keratinocytes. The keratinocytes are regulated to maintain a constant amount of melanin, and skin color therefore should not fluctuate. However, aging, ultraviolet radiation, and hormonal imbalance disrupt the skin’s regulatory mechanisms, resulting in increased melanin and excessive melanin accumulation in keratinocytes, Tranexamic acid can inhibit hyperpigmentation by decreasing melanin synthesis via suppression of cytokine/chemical mediator production, which stimulates melanin production, thereby suppressing the production of excessive melanin to prevent hyperpigmentation.<br /><br />