Programming is the cornerstone of developing modern applications, whether they are mobile applications, web applications, or artificial intelligence systems. It is the process that enables developers to transform ideas into practical digital solutions using various programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. Programming contributes to improving process efficiency and facilitating communication between devices and software. It also allows the creation of intelligent systems capable of analyzing data and making decisions quickly and accurately. With the continuous advancement in technology, it has become essential for developers to master object-oriented programming concepts, data structures, and algorithms to design flexible, secure, and efficient software. Reference Brian W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall, 1988. Robert Sedgewick & Kevin Wayne, Algorithms, 4th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2011. Steve McConnell, Code Complete, 2nd Edition, Microsoft Press, 2004. Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 10th Edition, Pearson, 2015. University of Al-Mustaqbal – the first university in Iraq