Introduction Nuclear radiation is considered one of the most dangerous physical hazards that humans may encounter, whether in medical, industrial, or accidental exposure settings. The skin is the first organ affected by radiation because it serves as the body’s outer protective barrier. This article aims to discuss the types of nuclear radiation and their effects on the skin. Types of Nuclear Radiation Nuclear radiation can be classified into: Ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays, which are highly harmful due to their ability to damage cellular DNA. Non-ionizing radiation, which has lower energy and causes less direct cellular damage. Mechanism of Radiation Effects on the Skin When the skin is exposed to nuclear radiation, skin cells absorb radiation energy, leading to: DNA damage Formation of free radicals Disruption of cell division and regeneration Cell death or malignant transformation Skin Effects of Nuclear Radiation Common skin manifestations include: Radiation dermatitis Radiation burns Hair loss in exposed areas Skin dryness and peeling Delayed wound healing Increased risk of skin cancer with chronic exposure Long-Term Effects Long-term exposure to radiation may result in: Premature skin aging Skin pigmentation disorders Malignant skin tumors Reduced local skin immunity Prevention and Protection Protective measures include: Wearing protective clothing and lead shields Following radiation safety protocols Minimizing exposure time and increasing distance from radiation sources Regular medical follow-up for occupationally exposed individuals Conclusion Exposure to nuclear radiation poses serious risks to skin health and can cause both acute and chronic damage depending on dose and duration. Therefore, awareness and strict adherence to radiation protection measures are essential to reduce harmful effects. Al _ Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq