Biological pollution is one of the most dangerous forms of environmental contamination because it directly affects human health. It involves the presence of harmful microorganisms or biological substances in water, air, soil, or food. 1. Sources of Biological Pollution Contaminated water Untreated sewage water Mixing of drinking water with human or animal waste Medical waste Used syringes Surgical residues Blood samples and infected tissues Contaminated food Improper storage Poor hygiene during preparation Food spoilage Air contamination Hospital airborne pathogens Mold and fungi in closed environments 2. Types of Biological Agents Bacteria (e.g., Salmonella) Viruses (e.g., Hepatitis viruses) Fungi (e.g., Aspergillus) Parasites (e.g., Giardia) 3. Impact on Public Health Infectious diseases Cholera Typhoid Hepatitis Acute diarrhea Respiratory problems Asthma Pneumonia Chronic allergies Immune system weakening Continuous exposure reduces immune efficiency. Social impact Increased mortality Pressure on healthcare systems Economic burden 4. Prevention Strategies Water treatment Hospital sterilization Safe medical waste disposal Public awareness Vaccination programs Conclusion Biological pollution is not just an environmental issue but a global public health threat requiring strict control measures. Al-Mustaqbal University – the first university in Iraq.
  SDG4