Water scarcity caused by climate change has become a major global issue affecting agriculture. Genetic engineering offers a solution by creating drought-resistant plants. Definition Plant genetic engineering is the modification of plant DNA to improve traits such as: Drought resistance Higher yield Disease resistance Development Process Identify drought-resistance genes Extract genes from resilient plants Insert genes into target crops Test under stress conditions Importance Enhances food security Reduces water consumption Supports farming in dry regions Challenges Environmental concerns Loss of biodiversity risk High research costs Al-Mustaqbal University – the first university in Iraq.