The solar energy is one of the most renewable resources that many developed countries seek to achieve the greatest benefit and exploitation from it, because solar energy is a constantly renewable resource and will not end up like the ground resources, and solar energy is one of the clean sources of energy that It does not lead to any harmful emissions when used, as it does when using fossil sources that give us a small amount of energy and result in an extremely large amount of pollution that threatens life on the entire planet. There are many important and pivotal points related to solar energy due to the importance of this topic, such as defining solar energy, how to use it as a source of energy, and how to generate and store it. We will also explain the advantages of solar energy and the negatives of solar energy as well. The technologies that adopt solar energy are generally characterized as either passive solar energy systems or positive solar energy systems according to the way in which sunlight is exploited, transformed and distributed. Technologies that rely on the exploitation of positive solar energy include the use of photovoltaic panels and a solar thermal collector, along with mechanical and electrical equipment, to convert sunlight into other useful sources of energy. This, while technologies that rely on the exploitation of passive solar energy include directing a building towards the sun, choosing materials with appropriate thermal mass or light-scattering properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.<br /><br /><br /><br /> God created the sun and the moon as signs indicating the perfection of his power and the greatness of his power, and he made the sun's rays emit light on the earth and made the reflected ray from the surface of the moon a light. It will lead to sudden changes in its temperature, structure and atmosphere, and catastrophes may occur to such an extent that there is no survival for life. For the power of God Almighty alone made the scorching sun a mercy, warmth and source of energy, where the temperature of its center is about (408) x10 degrees in absolute (telephones) and then gradual Its temperature decreases until it reaches 5762 absolutely (Kelvin) at the surface. The energy of the sun is the main source of energy on the planet, and from there it was distributed and transferred to other energy sources, whether they were stored in wind energy and thermal energy in the ground of the earth and the energy generated from waterfalls and solar energy And other energy sources such as coal and wood, and since solar energy is the most important source of renewable energy during the next century, the efforts of many countries are directed to them in various forms and allocate the necessary sums for productive development T and research on the exploitation of solar energy as one of the 3 most important alternative energy sources for oil and gas, and it has given the largest share in research and applications to the field of converting solar energy into electricity, which is known as Photovoltaics, and this source of energy is the hope of developing countries for development as the availability of electric energy has become one of the most important The main factors for creating the basic structures in it<br /><br /><br /><br /> does not require the production of electricity from solar energy to centralized generation, but produces energy and is used in the same area, and this will save a lot of the cost of transportation and transportation. This method mainly depends on converting sunlight into electrical energy, and there are many materials in nature. Used in the manufacture of solar cells, which combine with a specific electrical and engineering system to form a so-called solar panel, which exposes the sun's rays at a certain angle to produce a larger or one of the disadvantages of solar energy is the difference in the distribution of solar rays according to geographic regions, so that hot areas that are exposed to the greatest amount of these rays get the greatest opportunity to benefit from them, while cold regions have very little use of sunlight.<br /><br /> Solar energy is one of the most abundant renewable energy sources in the world, and it is solar radiation that can be used in several things, the most important of which are: the production of chemical reactions, the production of heat and the generation of electricity, in addition to the fact that solar energy is spread all over the world, It is considered a clean source that does not cause pollution, so if it is exploited and utilized appropriately, it will meet a large proportion of the world's energy needs in the future. The potential of solar energy as an energy resource. Sunlight can be used and collected to convert it into another form of energy, such as: electric energy, using modern technology and techniques. Therefore, the establishment of projects to generate solar energy depends on the amount <br /><br /><br /><br />of solar radiation that falls on a particular area to determine the energy potential. It has been found that the amount of radiation reaching a certain area varies according to the geographical location of the region, its general climate, and the length of the day for that area.<br /><br /> In order to determine the potential of solar energy as an important energy resource in a particular area, the amount of radiation incident on this area is measured at different times of the year [2], and then compared with other areas located on the same latitude, and the data resulting from the measurement of the amount of incident radiation is expressed in kilowatts. Per hour per square meter (kilowatt * hour / square meter). If the potential of solar energy is qualified to establish solar energy generation projects, then it is established in this region Generating solar energy to generate solar energy and convert it into a form that can be utilized. Some techniques should be available that collect photons produced from solar radiation and work on converting them into electricity or heat. Among these technologies: Photovoltaic arrays (Photovoltaic Arrays) work to convert solar energy into Electrical energy in the photoelectric conversion process using photovoltaics, this array is a number of photovoltaic cells connected together using metallic materials, and connected to a frame that supports them, which produces more energy than the energy produced from one cell, and each photoelectric cell is mainly made of treated silicon. Manufactured in a using solar energy to generate electricity way that allows<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> electricity to be transmitted through it, and the array is connected to the rest of the solar energy generation system<br /><br />Inverter is the part responsible for converting solar energy into a form that can be used, as the amount and type of energy produced by photovoltaics suffers from problems, as it produces a constant electric current and this type of currents is not suitable for all devices, and the amount of energy it produces The cell is not fixed due to the difference in the amount of rays falling on it, so the inverter addresses these problems by converting DC into AC current that fits all devices, and it also addresses the problem of the amount of unstable energy and works to produce a fixed amount of energy, and also ensures the stability of the voltage of the system. Photovoltaic control array The Photovoltaic Array Controller increases the efficiency of the solar energy generation system, by tracking the sun's rays using light sensors, and moving the PV array towards the sun's rays to collect the largest amount of sunlight using controllers, and after energy production it can be used to operate devices or other things by installing this system with the required hardware. Storing solar energy When generating solar energy in order to convert it into another form, it faces the problem of its inability to generate and produce energy in the evening, so it was necessary to have methods for storing this energy and from these methods.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Photovoltaic energy storage: batteries are used within the system to store electricity when it is charged, and it is a basic requirement for these batteries to be rechargeable, as they store energy during the day, to be used in the evening, and then recharge during the day. Thermal energy storage: This pattern is special in water heating systems that convert solar energy into thermal energy, as these systems contain a simplified storage system in the form of solar energy collectors, and when needed, hot water moves from the storage pools to the desired location.The pros and cons of solar energy Solar energy is one of the most important sources of energy, and like other forms of energy, it has a set of pros and cons. Advantages of solar energy Solar energy has a set of advantages that encourage dependence and exploitation, and the most important of these are renewable source of energy, the sun's rays are inexhaustible and always available in all parts of the world. It can be used for several applications, such as: electricity and heat production, water desalination and distillation, especially in places where clean water is not available, and it can be used to supply energy to satellites, and other uses. Low maintenance costs, despite the high costs of its establishment, its maintenance is available and cheap, and by maintaining it and its cleanliness, it can last for several years.<br /><br /> Continuous development in the field of solar energy technology, especially nanotechnology and quantum physics, which seeks to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of solar energy generation systems in the<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> future. The negatives of solar energy Despite the advantages that solar energy has, there are a set of negatives to it and to them.<br /><br /> The change of the weather, the difference in the weather in summer and winter reduces the percentage of benefit from it. The inability to use it in the evening, so there must be a device that stores energy, such as a battery. Large areas must be provided to collect the largest amount of solar energy; So that solar energy is optimally utilized. Its high cost is because it needs technologies and technology to develop solar energy generation systems, as generating electricity from solar energy generation is five times as much as generatin electricity using fossil fuels <br />