What are white blood cells?<br />Leukocytes are a type of blood cell responsible for defending the body against infection and foreign bodies. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and are found in the blood and lymphatic tissue. Unlike red blood cells, they do not contain hemoglobin and are an essential part of the immune system.<br />Types of White Blood Cells and Their Functions<br />Neutrophils:<br />The most common type, they destroy bacteria and viruses by phagocytosis (eating foreign organisms).<br />Lymphocytes:<br />They are divided into two main types:<br />T cells: Attack virus-infected cells and cancer cells.<br />B cells: Produce antibodies to fight infection.<br />Monocytes:<br />Develop into cells called macrophages, which clean the body of dead cells and germs.<br /><br /> Eosinophils:<br />Fight parasites and play a role in allergic conditions.<br />Basophils:<br />Release chemicals such as histamine in allergic conditions.<br />Importance of White Blood Cells<br />Fighting infection: Attacking microbes, viruses, and parasites.<br />Regulating the immune response: Distinguishing between self and foreign bodies.<br />Stimulating the production of antibodies: Protecting the body from future threats.<br />Removing damaged and cancerous cells: Preventing serious illnesses.<br />Normal White Blood Cell Count<br />The normal range is between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter of blood.<br />An increase or decrease in their number may indicate health problems such as infection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, or even leukemia.<br />White Blood Cell Disorders<br />Leukopenia:<br />Can be caused by viral diseases or chemotherapy drugs.<br /> Leukocytosis:<br />Occurring in infections, inflammation, or blood cancers.<br />Conclusion<br />White blood cells play a vital role in protecting the body from disease. Monitoring their levels in the blood is essential for diagnosing many health conditions, so a blood test is an effective way to detect immune system problems.<br /><br /><br />Al _ Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq<br />Prepared by: Shahad Nawras Abbas<br />