Tissue and Organs Transplantation <br />Dr. Asma'a Hassan Mohamed <br /> Organ transplantation has caused a huge medical breakthrough since the first decades of the last century and began to transfer kidneys from living donors where a healthy person can donate one of his kidneys without being affected by his health. Because some human organs remain valid for transfusion after periods of death ranging from several minutes to a few hours, it has been possible to transfer organs of the dead, such as kidneys, cornea, skin, and bone after the death. As for the heart, it is well known that it is impossible to obtain it from living donors. Also, the hearts of the dead are not suitable for transplantation. Heart transplantation was achieved only after the emergence of artificial respiration, and death could be verified without stopping the means of resuscitation by cerebral criteria. There are special conditions for the verification of death by brain standards, and the laws prohibit the suspension of industrial means unless death is achieved beyond a reasonable doubt. Voluntary donation requires the recommendation of the deceased or the consent of the next of kin, and some laws require that the will and consent be available. Religion laws do not permit the trading of organs, whether alive or dead. Religion is not opposed to organ transplants provided that voluntary donation does not endanger the life of the donor if he is alive. Legal standards vary widely according to the fabric, national laws, and social and religious traditions of countries. <br />However, a small group of major religious has deplored the process of tissue and organ transplantation. <br />1- Homologous donation : It is the transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another part of the patient itself, such as skin and bone grafting and there is no legal reservations on this type of implant. <br />2- Live donation: Blood and bone marrow, which is a tissue that is renewable and does not threaten the life or health of the donor, include that organs are now given to double organs such as the kidneys, as well as parts of the liver as long as the liver in the donor can be renewed within weeks. <br />3- Cadaveric donation: In non-double organs such as the heart and pancreas, For practical purposes only in the case of the lungs, and in Britain and some other countries the kidneys are transferred more widely than the dead more than the living people. <br /> <br /> Most organ transplants must be done while the donor heart is still beating to ensure less time of blood retention. This improves the chance of successful transplantation. A lot in case the donor has a beating heart. <br />