Sleep Duration • Exhibits a U-shaped association with the risk of type 2 diabetes. • The lowest risk is observed with approximately 7 hours of sleep per night. • Both short sleep (<6 hours) and long sleep (>9 hours) are associated with up to a 50% increased risk, including a higher likelihood of progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Sleep Quality • Defined as an individual’s overall satisfaction with all aspects of the sleep experience. • Poor overall sleep quality is associated with a 40% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Chronotype / Sleep Timing • An evening chronotype (late bedtime and wake time) is associated with 2.5-fold higher odds of type 2 diabetes compared with a morning chronotype, independent of sleep duration and perceived sleep sufficiency. Physiological Importance of Sleep • Sleep plays a critical role in regulating metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular functions. Clinical Implication • Adequate and high-quality sleep is a key modifiable risk factor for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Miaad Al ghanimi Al-Mustaqbal University The First University in Iraq.