Vital sign monitoring devices have seen tremendous advancements in recent years, becoming more accurate, intelligent, and convenient for use in both medical and home settings. These innovations have significantly improved patient care, especially for those with chronic conditions or who require continuous monitoring. One of the most notable recent developments is wearable devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers. These devices have become increasingly sophisticated, continuously monitoring heart rate, blood oxygen levels, temperature, and even blood pressure fluctuations. They rely on highly sensitive sensors that analyze vital signs in real time, helping to detect any changes that might indicate a health problem before it worsens. Another recent innovation is nanotechnology-based monitoring devices. These involve developing nanosensors that are implanted under or on the skin's surface, capable of accurately measuring glucose levels, electrolytes, and other vital signs. These technologies are particularly beneficial for diabetics, as they provide continuous monitoring without the need for frequent finger pricks. In a related context, patient monitoring devices in hospitals have witnessed significant advancements thanks to artificial intelligence. These devices are now capable of analyzing vital signs in real time and predicting any serious changes, such as sudden cardiac arrhythmias or a deterioration in the patient's condition. These systems send immediate alerts to medical staff, accelerating response times and improving patient survival rates. Another promising innovation is devices based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. These devices enable the transmission of vital signs data to doctors via the internet, allowing them to monitor patients remotely. This type of device is considered an ideal solution for the elderly or patients receiving home care. Despite these advanced innovations, vital signs monitoring devices face challenges related to measurement accuracy, data privacy, and the need for improvement.