Medical physics is a vital interdisciplinary field that applies the principles and techniques of physics to medicine, particularly in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. By integrating physics with biology and clinical practice, medical physics has significantly contributed to the development of modern healthcare technologies, improving both the accuracy of diagnoses and the effectiveness of treatments. One of the most important roles of medical physics is in medical imaging, which is essential for accurate diagnosis. Medical physicists are deeply involved in the development and optimization of imaging modalities such as X-ray radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These technologies allow clinicians to visualize internal organs, tissues, and physiological processes with high precision, enabling early detection of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions. In addition to imaging, medical physics plays a central role in radiation therapy, one of the most effective treatments for cancer. Medical physicists are responsible for designing and calibrating radiation treatment plans that deliver precise doses of radiation to tumors while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and proton therapy are direct outcomes of progress in medical physics. These innovations have improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects, enhancing patients’ quality of life. Medical physics also contributes to nuclear medicine, where radioactive tracers are used for both diagnosis and therapy. Medical physicists ensure the safe use of radioactive materials, optimize imaging protocols, and help develop new radiopharmaceuticals that target specific organs or disease processes. This field has enabled functional imaging, which provides information not only about anatomical structures but also about metabolic and biochemical activities within the body. Another crucial aspect of medical physics is radiation protection and safety. Medical physicists establish safety standards, monitor radiation doses, and ensure compliance with international guidelines to protect patients, healthcare workers, and the public from unnecessary radiation exposure. Their work is essential for maintaining a balance between the benefits of medical radiation and potential risks. In recent years, medical physics has expanded into emerging areas such as artificial intelligence, computational modeling, and personalized medicine. By using advanced algorithms and simulations, medical physicists help tailor diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to individual patients, further increasing the effectiveness and precision of medical care. Al-Mustaqbal University Ranks First Among Iraqi Private Universities