Bacteria and fungi play a crucial role in cleaning the environment from various pollutants, such as oil, heavy metals, and chemical waste. This process, known as bioremediation, relies on these organisms’ ability to convert harmful substances into less toxic or naturally degradable compounds. Bioremediation is used to rehabilitate contaminated soil and water in a natural and safe way, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. Mixed cultures of microorganisms can be developed to enhance treatment efficiency, depending on the type of pollutants and environmental conditions. These applications help preserve the environment and improve the quality of natural resources, support sustainability, and reduce health risks associated with pollution, making environmental biotechnology a key component of modern environmental protection strategies.