Biotechnology is used to combat environmental pollutants by utilizing the ability of microorganisms to break down harmful substances. Bacteria and fungi can be used to clean contaminated soil and water polluted with oil, heavy metals, and chemical waste. This process, called bioremediation, is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. Bioremediation helps restore ecological balance and reduce health risks associated with pollution. These applications are an important part of modern environmental protection strategies, contributing to improving natural resource quality, supporting sustainable development, and reducing negative impacts of human activities on the environment.