Uterine inflammation (endometritis or uterine infection) is a common gynecological condition affecting women of various ages, particularly after childbirth, miscarriage, or as a result of bacterial infections. If diagnosis or treatment is delayed, the condition may progress to serious complications that could necessitate hysterectomy, directly impacting fertility and overall health. Therefore, early and effective management is essential to preserve the uterus and maintain its function. Causes of Uterine Inflammation Bacterial infections (such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) Postpartum or post-gynecological surgical infections Unsafe or incomplete abortion Use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) without proper medical follow-up Ascending infections from the vagina or cervix Clinical Symptoms Lower abdominal and pelvic pain Abnormal uterine bleeding Foul-smelling vaginal discharge Fever General fatigue and malaise Diagnosis of Uterine Inflammation Diagnosis is based on: Detailed medical history and clinical examination Laboratory tests (complete blood count, inflammatory markers) Vaginal or cervical swabs to identify the causative organism Pelvic ultrasound imaging Management of Uterine Inflammation Before Uterine Loss 1. Pharmacological Treatment Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by targeted therapy based on culture and sensitivity results Use of antipyretics and anti-inflammatory medications In severe cases, intravenous antibiotic therapy and hospitalization may be required 2. Close Medical Follow-Up Monitoring the patient’s response to treatment Repeating investigations when necessary Ensuring complete resolution of symptoms and infection 3. Non-Surgical Interventions Drainage of any purulent collections if present Treatment of associated vaginal or cervical infections 4. Prevention of Hysterectomy Hysterectomy is considered a last resort and is only indicated in cases of: Failure of medical treatment Life-threatening septicemia Severe and irreversible uterine tissue damage Role of Awareness and Prevention Maintaining proper personal hygiene Seeking medical care upon the appearance of abnormal symptoms Regular follow-up after childbirth or gynecological procedures Avoiding intrauterine contraceptive methods without medical supervision Conclusion Uterine inflammation is a largely treatable condition when diagnosed early and managed appropriately. Pharmacological treatment combined with careful medical follow-up plays a crucial role in preventing serious complications and preserving the uterus, thereby positively affecting women’s physical, psychological, and reproductive health. Zahraa Jawad Al-Mustaqbal University The First University in Iraq.