Gene editing technology has brought significant advancements to the field of medical sciences, particularly with the emergence of the CRISPR technique, which has opened new horizons in the treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. This technology works by precisely modifying DNA sequences, allowing scientists to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases before they manifest into serious symptoms. This represents a qualitative leap in genetic and preventive medicine. CRISPR technology aids in treating many genetic disorders by targeting the genes responsible for the defect and modifying, disabling, or replacing them with healthy genes. This technique is distinguished by its high precision and speed compared to traditional methods, reducing unwanted side effects. Scientific research has shown promising results in treating diseases such as sickle cell anemia, certain types of hereditary blindness, and immune disorders, raising hopes for radical treatments for conditions previously considered untreatable. The role of gene editing technology is not limited to treatment alone; it also extends to the prevention of genetic diseases, particularly at the embryonic stage. Gene editing techniques can be used to correct genetic mutations in embryos before birth, reducing the transmission of genetic diseases to future generations. This approach represents an important step in limiting the spread of hereditary diseases and improving the future quality of life for individuals and communities. While this technology holds great potential, its use raises ethical and legal discussions concerning the safety of gene editing and the boundaries of human intervention in nature. Therefore, researchers emphasize the need to establish strict regulatory frameworks that ensure the safe and responsible use of gene editing technologies, maximizing health benefits without compromising human values. In light of these developments, gene editing technology using CRISPR represents a promising tool for the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases. It contributes to building a more advanced medical future based on early prevention and precise treatment while maintaining a balance between scientific progress and ethical responsibility. University of Al-Mustaqbal – the first university in Iraq.