With the rapid advancement of information technology and the widespread use of the Internet, digital privacy has become one of the most critical issues facing individuals and organizations. Massive amounts of personal data are collected daily, creating serious challenges in protecting this information from misuse or violations. Challenges of Online Privacy Protection Online privacy faces several challenges, including: 1. Excessive Data Collection: Many websites and applications collect more data than necessary for their services. 2. Cybersecurity Breaches: The increasing number of cyberattacks exposes personal information to theft or leakage. 3. Lack of User Awareness: Limited knowledge of digital security makes users more vulnerable to privacy violations. 4. Data Sharing with Third Parties: Personal data is often shared without the user’s clear consent.