Introduction Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Genetic factors are considered among the most fundamental determinants of this process, as genes regulate skin structure, regenerative capacity, and responses to environmental stressors. This genetic control explains individual differences in the rate and pattern of skin aging, including the appearance of wrinkles, sagging, and loss of elasticity. Genetic Basis of Skin Aging Genes play a central role in regulating the function of skin cells, particularly fibroblasts, which are responsible for the production of collagen and elastin. Genetic mutations or variations in genes that control these proteins can reduce their efficiency over time. Additionally, genes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair mechanisms significantly affect the skin’s ability to resist cellular damage and aging. Genes Involved in Collagen and Elastin Production Collagen is the primary structural protein responsible for skin strength, while elastin provides elasticity. Genetic variations in genes such as COL1A1 and COL3A1 influence both the quantity and quality of collagen synthesis. With advancing age, decreased gene expression of these proteins contributes to wrinkle formation and loss of skin firmness. Role of Genetics in Oxidative Stress Response Oxidative stress is a major contributor to accelerated skin aging. Genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and GPX, regulate the skin’s ability to neutralize free radicals. Impaired genetic antioxidant defenses lead to the accumulation of cellular damage and promote premature aging. Interaction Between Genetic and Environmental Factors Although genetics play a significant role, skin aging is not determined by genetic factors alone. Environmental exposures such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, smoking, and unhealthy lifestyle habits can alter gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. These changes may accelerate aging processes even in individuals with favorable genetic predispositions. Clinical Relevance in Aesthetic Medicine Understanding the genetic influence on skin aging has important implications for aesthetic medicine. It enables the development of personalized treatment strategies based on an individual’s genetic profile, including targeted collagen-stimulating therapies and preventive interventions. This approach is known as personalized aesthetic medicine. Conclusion Genetic factors are key determinants of the rate and characteristics of skin aging through their effects on skin structure, cellular regeneration, and resistance to damage. Advances in genetic research offer promising opportunities for more precise and effective aesthetic treatments aimed at delaying skin aging and improving overall skin health.