Infectious diseases are considered among the most significant health problems facing societies, as they are transmitted from one person to another through various means due to the presence of pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission of these diseases greatly contributes to reducing their spread and protecting the health of individuals and communities. First: Mechanisms of Transmission of Infectious Diseases Direct Transmission This occurs through direct contact between an infected person and a healthy individual, such as: Handshaking or physical contact Examples include: influenza, AIDS, and viral hepatitis. Indirect Transmission This occurs through tools or surfaces contaminated with pathogens, such as: Door handles Personal items Toys Examples include: the common cold and some skin infections. Airborne (Droplet) Transmission Diseases are transmitted through droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or talking, such as: Tuberculosis COVID-19 Influenza Transmission Through Contaminated Food and Water This occurs as a result of consuming food or water contaminated with harmful microorganisms, such as: Cholera Typhoid Food poisoning Transmission by Insects and Vectors Some diseases are transmitted through insect bites, such as: Malaria (mosquitoes) Dengue fever Leishmaniasis Mother-to-Child Transmission Some diseases may be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, such as: Rubella Syphilis Hepatitis B Second: Methods of Prevention of Infectious Diseases Maintaining Personal Hygiene Washing hands regularly with soap and water Using sanitizers when necessary Vaccination and Immunization Vaccines are considered one of the most important means of preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Adopting Healthy Practices Properly cooking food Drinking clean water Avoiding sharing personal items Protection Against Insects Using insecticides Sleeping under mosquito nets Eliminating stagnant water sources Using Personal Protective Measures Wearing masks in crowded places Using gloves when necessary Health Awareness Raising health awareness about the methods of transmission of infectious diseases and ways to prevent them within the community. Al-Mustaqbal University is the First University in Iraq
  الهدف 3 : الصحة الجيدة والرفاه