A Scientific Article by Assistant Lecturer Suroor Hafez Mohammed Dhahir The field of applied animal sciences is undergoing a structural transformation, as genetic improvement methodologies have shifted from the traditional reliance on phenotypic records and pedigree data to the era of genomic precision. Genotyping represents the cornerstone of this transition, serving as an investigative technique that goes beyond observable traits to interrogate the molecular architecture of organisms through the identification of variations in DNA sequences, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). From an in-depth academic perspective, the value of genotyping lies not merely in its function as a diagnostic tool, but in its capacity to uncover quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with complex economic traits. This precise association enables the accurate estimation of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) with exceptional statistical reliability, thereby overcoming classical limitations related to traits with low heritability, such as reproductive efficiency and resistance to endemic diseases. The implementation of high-throughput genotyping programs allows for decisive selection decisions at extremely early stages of life, leading to a dramatic reduction in the generation interval. This acceleration of the production cycle substantially increases the annual rate of genetic gain and delivers economic efficiency unattainable through conventional breeding approaches. Genotyping is no longer a research luxury confined to laboratories; it has become an indispensable requirement for modern food security strategies. It represents a paradigm shift from “probability-based breeding” to “certainty-driven breeding,” ensuring the development of herds that are not only highly productive but also genetically resilient and capable of adapting to future environmental challenges. Al-Mustaqbal University… the leading private university in Iraq.