Animal production is considered one of the fundamental components of the agricultural sector due to its pivotal role in food provision, improving living standards, and supporting the agricultural economy. With the growing global challenges such as rapid population growth, climate change, and the depletion of natural resources, animal production has emerged as an effective means of achieving food security and enhancing agricultural sustainability. This article aims to highlight the role of animal production in supporting food security and its importance in developing sustainable agricultural systems. Food security represents one of the most significant challenges facing the modern world, as the need for sufficient, safe, and nutritious food continues to increase. Animal production is an integral part of the agricultural system, providing food sources rich in animal protein and essential nutrients. However, reliance on traditional livestock production methods may lead to the depletion of natural resources, which necessitates the adoption of sustainable production strategies that balance productivity with environmental protection. The Importance of Animal Production in Achieving Food Security Animal production contributes to food security through: • Providing high-value nutritional products such as meat, milk, eggs, and their derivatives. • Enhancing dietary diversity and reducing dependence on a single food source. • Supporting food stability by generating income for farmers and livestock producers. • Strengthening resilience to food crises through flexible and adaptable production systems. The Role of Animal Production in Agricultural Sustainability Animal production plays a significant role in promoting agricultural sustainability through: • Integrating crop and livestock production systems, where agricultural residues are used as feed and animal waste is utilized as organic fertilizer. • Improving soil fertility and increasing its productive efficiency. • Supporting integrated farming systems that reduce losses and waste. • Contributing to the optimal use of natural resources. Challenges Facing Animal Production Despite its importance, animal production faces several challenges, including: • Climate change and its impact on animal health and productivity. • Rising costs of feed and production resources. • Environmental problems resulting from poor management of animal waste. • The need to develop technologies and improve production efficiency. Animal production is a key element in achieving food security and agricultural sustainability. However, fulfilling this role requires the adoption of modern agricultural policies based on scientific research, advanced technologies, and sustainable resource management. Developing efficient and sustainable animal production systems contributes to ensuring the availability of safe and sustainable food while achieving comprehensive agricultural development that meets present and future needs. Al-Mustaqbal University… the leading private university in Iraq.