Improving the Genetic Traits of Plants to Achieve Food Security Improving the genetic traits of plants is considered one of the most important modern scientific strategies aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity and achieving food security, especially in light of continuous population growth and escalating environmental challenges. Genetic improvement refers to making deliberate modifications to the plant’s genetic structure in order to confer desirable characteristics such as increased yield, disease resistance, and tolerance to harsh environmental conditions. The process of genetic improvement relies on several techniques, including traditional breeding methods based on selection and hybridization, as well as modern technologies such as genetic engineering and gene editing. These approaches have contributed to the development of plant varieties with greater resistance to pests and insects, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides and helping to protect the environment. Additionally, crops have been developed that can tolerate drought, salinity, and high temperatures, which is particularly important in the face of climate change affecting agricultural production in many countries. Furthermore, genetic improvement has enhanced the nutritional value of certain crops by increasing their content of vitamins, minerals, and proteins, thereby helping to address malnutrition and improve public health. This aspect represents a key dimension of food security, as the concept extends beyond mere food availability to include food quality and nutritional value. Despite the significant benefits of these technologies, their application requires careful scientific monitoring to ensure safety for humans and the environment, as well as to preserve biodiversity. Therefore, genetic improvement programs should be implemented within clear regulatory frameworks based on scientific research and continuous evaluation. In conclusion, improving the genetic traits of plants represents an effective tool for addressing contemporary agricultural challenges and directly contributes to supporting food security and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Al-Mustaqbal University is the First University in Iraq
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