Introduction Although aesthetic laser procedures are generally considered safe when performed by trained professionals, complications can still occur. The increasing availability of laser devices has led to a rise in adverse events, often related to inadequate training, poor patient selection, or improper parameter use. Understanding potential complications and their prevention is essential for safe and ethical laser practice. Common Laser-Related Complications Immediate Reactions: • Erythema • Edema • Pain or discomfort These reactions are usually transient and resolve with conservative management. Delayed Complications: • Burns and blistering • Infection • Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation • Hypopigmentation • Scarring Delayed complications may have long-term aesthetic and psychological consequences. Causes of Complications Incorrect Parameter Selection: Excessive fluence, inappropriate pulse duration, or overlapping pulses can lead to thermal injury. Poor Patient Selection: Treating patients with active infections, recent sun exposure, or contraindicated medications increases risk. Inadequate Cooling: Failure to protect the epidermis through cooling methods increases burn risk. Poor Post-Treatment Care: Non-compliance with sun avoidance and skincare instructions contributes significantly to complications. Prevention Strategies • Thorough patient assessment • Conservative initial settings • Use of test spots • Adequate skin cooling • Clear post-treatment instructions • Close follow-up and early intervention Training and continuous education are essential to reduce complication rates. Management Principles Early recognition and prompt management of complications improve outcomes. Mild reactions may require topical treatment, while severe complications should be managed by experienced clinicians. Conclusion Most complications in aesthetic laser procedures are preventable. Knowledge, careful planning, and adherence to safety protocols are essential to protect patients and maintain professional standards. AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq