Introduction Molecular biology has revolutionized medical diagnostics by enabling detection of genetic and cellular changes before clinical symptoms appear. Scientific Basis Molecular diagnosis studies DNA, RNA, proteins, and genetic mutations that may cause disease. Key Techniques PCR for DNA amplification Gene Sequencing for mutation detection CRISPR for gene editing Applications Early cancer detection Viral identification Personalized medicine Conclusion Modern molecular techniques represent a transformative advancement in life sciences and healthcare. Al-Mustaqbal University – the first university in Iraq.
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