DNA located in the nucleus of the cell is one of the most important biological tools used in forensic investigations. DNA contains unique genetic information for every individual, making it a reliable method for personal identification. DNA can be obtained from different types of cells, including white blood cells, epithelial cells from skin or saliva, and hair root cells. After extraction, DNA is analyzed in forensic laboratories using genetic analysis techniques that allow comparison of DNA profiles between samples. DNA analysis is widely used in forensic applications such as identifying suspects, identifying victims in mass disasters, and establishing or excluding biological relationships. Therefore, understanding cell structure, nuclear function, and chromosomes is essential in forensic science. Al-Mustaqbal University – the first university in Iraq.