Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a key trend in modern healthcare, aiming to provide AI-based diagnostic systems while ensuring that the decision-making process is understandable. This approach allows physicians and healthcare professionals to comprehend the reasoning behind diagnostic and treatment recommendations, thereby enhancing trust in intelligent systems and reducing the risks associated with traditional “black-box” models whose outcomes are difficult to interpret. These systems rely on advanced algorithms to process diverse medical data, including radiographic images, laboratory tests, and electronic health records, while providing clear explanations of results, such as potential causes for specific symptoms or recommendations for further testing. XAI improves healthcare quality by enabling doctors to make accurate and timely decisions with a comprehensive understanding of the system’s rationale for each diagnosis. Moreover, XAI allows for periodic verification of medical decisions and review of results to prevent errors, enhancing patient safety and ensuring adherence to ethical and medical standards. These systems can also be integrated with deep learning tools to deliver highly precise analyses while maintaining transparency and human interpretability, which is critical in sensitive areas such as cardiology, oncology, and precision surgery. Despite its significant benefits, implementing explainable AI faces challenges related to the complexity of models and the cost of developing systems that can explain each medical decision accurately. Additionally, training medical staff to read and interpret these explanations is essential for optimal use. Overall, explainable artificial intelligence represents a significant step toward integrating modern technology with medical expertise. It achieves a balance between the high performance of intelligent systems and transparency in decision-making, contributing to improved diagnostic quality, increased trust among physicians and patients, and supporting safe and reliable medical treatment decisions. Al-Mustaqbal University is the first one university in Iraq.