Smart medical systems are among the most significant innovations in modern healthcare, combining internet technologies, artificial intelligence, and sensors to monitor patients and manage health data efficiently. However, the reliance of these systems on digital networks and electronic infrastructure exposes them to a wide range of cybersecurity threats that can compromise the confidentiality and integrity of health information, as well as patient safety. The main challenges in cybersecurity for smart medical systems include the risk of cyberattacks targeting data theft or alteration, such as malware and ransomware attacks, in addition to threats arising from weak network and device protection. Unauthorized access to smart medical devices or medical databases poses a significant challenge, especially when handling sensitive diagnostic and treatment information. Furthermore, healthcare institutions face difficulty balancing the need for immediate access to data with privacy and personal information protection requirements. Strict security policies must be implemented to ensure that patients are not exposed to potential risks. Addressing these challenges requires the development of effective monitoring and response systems, including advanced encryption, multi-factor authentication, continuous security vulnerability assessments, and training medical and technical staff to manage cybersecurity threats. Addressing cybersecurity challenges in smart medical systems is not merely a technical issue but also requires an integrated regulatory and legal framework to safeguard health data and patient rights while providing a secure environment for medical information exchange and improving healthcare quality. Overall, cybersecurity represents a crucial pillar for ensuring the sustainability of smart medical systems, and proactive management of electronic threats is vital to maintaining patient safety and ensuring the effective use of modern technology in enhancing healthcare. Al-Mustaqbal University is the first one university in Iraq.