Introduction Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is one of the most common complications following skin conditions or cosmetic procedures, particularly in individuals with darker skin types. Pathophysiology Inflammation leads to the release of inflammatory mediators that stimulate melanocytes, resulting in increased melanin production or its deposition into the dermis. Causes Acne Burns Improper laser procedures Aggressive chemical peels Wounds Risk Factors Dark skin types (Fitzpatrick IV–VI) Sun exposure Non-professional cosmetic procedures\ Prevention Regular use of sunscreen Minimizing inflammation Avoiding aggressive skin treatments Treatment Hydroquinone Retinoids Chemical peels Careful use of laser treatments Conclusion PIH is largely preventable when inflammation is properly managed. Prepared by: Dr. Haider Riyadh Abees AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq