Important Challenges For develop a vaccine to the New Coronavirus.<br />Historically, vaccines have been one of the greatest public health tools to prevent disease. For any vaccine to become available to the public it takes months and even years because the vaccines must undergo extensive testing in animals and humans. In the best case, it takes at least a year and most likely longer. They may not help in the very early stages of an outbreak.<br />With each new outbreak, scientists typically have to start from scratch. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, it took researchers about 20 months from the release of the viral genome to get a vaccine ready for human trials. By the time an epidemic caused by the Zika virus occurred in 2015, researchers had brought the timeline down to six months. Now, they hope the joint efforts will cut that time in half for new coronavirus.<br />Several scientific teams' works and got to checking the sequence and comparing it with already had for SARS and MERS, this for focus on the spike protein, which forms the crown of the coronavirus and recognizes receptors, or entry points, on a host cell.<br />For the first time, researchers in other countries had access to a live sample of the virus. This could begin to understand the characteristics of the virus, another crucial step in the global effort towards developing a vaccine.<br />But, No single institution has the capacity or facilities to develop a vaccine by itself. There are also more stages to the process than many people appreciate.<br />First, we must understand the virus's characteristics and behaviour in the host (humans). To do this, we must first develop an animal model. Next, we must demonstrate that potential vaccines are safe and can trigger the right parts of the body's immunity, without causing damage. Then we can begin pre-clinical animal testing of potential vaccines, using the animal model.<br />Finally, if a vaccine is found to be safe and effective, it will need to pass the necessary regulatory approvals. And a cost-effective way of making the vaccine will also need to be in place before the final vaccine is ready for delivery. Each of these steps in the vaccine development pipeline faces potential challenges.<br />From that there are some of the challenges:<br />• This involves culturing the virus in the lab (encouraging it to grow) under especially secure and sterile conditions.<br />• The next challenge validating the right biological model (animals) for the virus. And how the coronavirus might behave in humans.<br />• Being an animal virus, it has already likely mutated as it adapted – first to another animal, and then jumping from an animal to humans. So there is strong possibility that -CoV-2 will continue to mutate. now it has taken the significant step of sustained human-to-human transmission which is part of the mutation process.<br />• Another challenge is manufacturing proteins from the virus needed to develop potential vaccines. These proteins are specially designed to elicit an immune response when administered, allowing a person's immune system to protect against future infection.<br />Finally: The point is “If you can block the spike protein from binding to a cell, then you’ve effectively prevented an infection,”