Submitted by Assist. Lect. Muntadher Saleh Mahdi . The matter of prosthetic limb and bone implantation is a crucial subject that significantly affects the lives of individuals who have undergone amputation or experienced bone loss or damage. The prevalence of these individuals is projected to rise due to factors such as accidents and diseases. In the last five decades, the understanding of osseointegration and bone implantation has progressed from an experimental therapy approach to a rapidly advancing field in orthopedics and traumatology. By utilizing the principle of osseointegration, it is possible to implant biomaterials that can seamlessly integrate with the surrounding bone. This integration directly connects the implanted part and the bones, muscles, tendons, and receptors. This connection enables individuals with an amputation or bone replacement to perceive sensations from their prosthetic limbs or replaced body parts, even without seeing them. This sensory feedback contributes to the enhancement of their balance. Although osseointegration applications offer remarkable benefits, they also carry potential consequences and dangers. The most significant ones include soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis, and implant loosening due to inadequate osseointegration of the implanted material. <br />Orthopedic implants and Osseo-integrated prostheses must meet several essential criteria, such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, long-lasting performance, resistance to corrosion, and the ability to bear loads. These standards can be partially fulfilled solely through the use of alloys only. Surface modifications, such as coatings, are important in mediating the interaction between implanted parts and live tissue, as they play a crucial role in facilitating interactions on the implant's surface. Biocompatibility, which refers to the compatibility of the implant with living tissue, can be predominantly attributed to superficial properties.