Embedded systems are specialized computer systems designed to perform specific tasks within larger devices or machines. These systems are integrated into electronic components to operate efficiently without direct user intervention. They rely on microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSPs) and are used in a wide range of applications, from simple household devices to industrial systems, automobiles, and aircraft.<br />Embedded systems are known for their small size and energy efficiency, making them ideal for devices that require continuous operation with minimal power consumption. For example, they are used in smartphones to manage essential operations such as signal processing and power consumption control. They also play a crucial role in medical systems, such as pacemakers, enabling accurate and continuous patient monitoring.<br />In the industrial sector, embedded systems are utilized in automation processes, controlling production lines and machinery to ensure precision and high efficiency. In modern vehicles, these systems manage braking systems, airbags, and engine performance monitoring, enhancing both safety and performance. Additionally, they are fundamental in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, where they collect, analyze, and control data from smart devices.<br />Despite their many advantages, embedded systems face challenges such as complex design, resource constraints, and security risks, as they can be vulnerable to cyberattacks. Therefore, their development requires integrating advanced security solutions and performance optimization techniques to ensure reliable operation.<br />With continuous advancements in electronics and artificial intelligence, embedded systems are becoming more sophisticated and efficient, opening new possibilities in various fields, including healthcare, robotics, and smart control systems. As innovation progresses, embedded systems will play an increasingly significant role in improving quality of life and making technology more seamlessly integrated into our daily lives.<br />Al-Mustaqbal University – the first university in Iraq.<br />