Stomach and duodenal ulcers, classified under peptic ulcer disease, present significant clinical challenges, particularly when complications arise. The management of these ulcers has evolved, with a focus on understanding their etiology, treatment options, and associated risks. This overview will explore the types of ulcers, their complications, and the implications for surgical intervention.<br />Types of Ulcers<br />• Duodenal Ulcers: Predominantly observed in patients, with a high association with Helicobacter pylori infection, chronicity, and acute presentations<br />• Gastric Ulcers: Less common but can lead to severe complications, including perforation and bleeding.<br />Complications and Management<br />• Complications: Common complications include gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. The mortality rate for perforated gastroduodenal ulcers remains significant, particularly when surgery is delayed<br />• Surgical Approaches: Emergency surgeries are often required, with laparoscopic techniques preferred for timely intervention. The mortality rate has decreased with improved surgical techniques and preoperative management<br />• Treatment Considerations<br />• Idiopathic Ulcers: These ulcers occur without the typical risk factors and are associated with a poorer prognosis.<br />• Global Perspective: Despite advancements in treatment, ulcers still contribute to high mortality rates, especially in underdeveloped regions where access to care is limited<br />• While modern treatments have improved outcomes for many patients, the persistent challenges of ulcer complications and the need for surgical intervention highlight the importance of ongoing research and healthcare access.<br />