An Article "Collage Art: Merging the Past and Present to Create Innovative Expressions" By Dr.Hamzah Allawi Muserbet AL alwani

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Artistic formation is the most widespread among people, because of its various compositional advantages, which are based on assembling a new or multiple related works, to form an innovative artwork to form a new form, and this integrated art is considered one of the arts that depend on pasting different scraps.<br /> It first originated in China with the invention of paper, and four French calligraphers in by writing their poetic productions on paper scrolls, while in Europe, the technique appeared during the Middle Ages in Japan in the thirteenth century AD, when the church (Gothic cathedrals) began using panels consisting of gilded gold leaves and stones and some of a mixture of gold and sweat. In the nineteenth century AD, the methods of use were also used by hobbyists of handicrafts for souvenirs, such as using them in designing photo albums and books.<br /> However, it remained limited and did not receive attention except thanks to the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (Pablo Picasso), at the beginning of the twentieth century AD, as he is considered the first to use the chiaage technique in oil paintings, as it had a radical impact as a type of abstract art, as Picasso stuck a piece of waxed cloth to a chair on a piece of canvas in 1912, then it became an important part of modern art, and the concept of chiaage is derived from the French word (collar) meaning to paste, and it is a company of surreal artists who used scrapbooking or famous chiaage in a more sophisticated way through (indirect Cubomania), a large-scale surrealist method of scrapbooking made by cutting the original image into squares and then assembling them in the Bryant method.<br />The art of collage relies on a set of basic tools in its work, which are:<br />1- Newspaper and magazine clippings, parts of handmade colored paper, photographs, and some other components from nature, as well as some threads, buttons, or cut glass pieces, or a set of regular and colored sand, as well as a set of wood colors or water and oil colors.<br />2- The background or ground on which it will be fixed, which is either made of board paper or cardboard or made of fabric of various types to suit the painting to be made.<br />3- Fixing materials responsible for sticking the basic work to the background, which is usually white or transparent glue or glue.<br />Collage art is divided into several types:<br />1- Digital / relies on programs and computers to cut and assemble artistic shapes.<br />2- Paper / relies on colored or single-colored paper scraps (black and white) as well as magazines and newspapers.<br />3- Sand / divided into regular and colored and as required.<br />4- Natural / includes all materials and tools around us that fall under the category of optimal reuse of these materials.<br />5- Fabric / relies on all types of fabrics, whether they have a rough or smooth texture, as it is a matter of pasting several patches of fabric printed in a scattered manner on the front of a basic piece of cloth. The British artist (John Walker) excelled in this technique in his drawings in the late seventies.<br />6- Photographic / relies on creating a new image from a group of images or from parts of the photograph itself.<br />7- Musical / relies on mixing parts of different musical works to create a new work of art.<br /><br /><br />The above article highlights the important role that art, particularly collage art, plays in achieving the fourth Sustainable Development Goal, which is "Quality Education."<br /><br />Almustaqbal University, the number one university in Iraq.