Water is the foundation of life, but pollution threatens freshwater sources worldwide, posing risks to both human health and the environment. With increasing environmental challenges, innovative solutions are needed to purify water effectively and sustainably. One such solution is using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, which naturally break down harmful substances and convert them into non-toxic elements.<br /><br />The Role of Microorganisms in Water Purification<br /><br />Microorganisms play a crucial role in removing organic and inorganic pollutants from water through the following processes:<br /> 1. Pollutant-Degrading Bacteria: Certain bacteria can break down toxic chemicals such as oil and heavy metals, transforming them into less harmful compounds.<br /> 2. Algae for Heavy Metal Absorption: Algae can absorb heavy metals like lead and mercury, helping purify contaminated water.<br /> 3. Fungi for Toxic Compound Breakdown: Fungi have the ability to decompose complex organic compounds such as pesticides.<br /><br />Practical Applications of Biotechnological Water Treatment<br /> • Biological Water Treatment Plants: These plants use bacteria to treat wastewater and make it suitable for agricultural use.<br /> • Bioreactors: These systems use algae and bacteria to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from polluted water.<br /> • Artificial Wetlands: Constructed water bodies containing plants and microorganisms naturally cleanse water.<br /><br />Conclusion<br /><br />Biotechnological techniques provide effective and sustainable solutions for addressing water pollution, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). By investing in these technologies, we can safeguard water resources for future generations and ensure a healthier environment for all.<br />