Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation that poses significant health risks. It is typically measured using Body Mass Index (BMI), where a BMI of 30 or higher is classified as obese. The global prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing due to changes in lifestyle, diet, and physical activity patterns.<br /><br />Causes of Obesity<br /><br />Obesity results from an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure. Key contributing factors include:<br />• Poor Diet: High consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.<br />• Physical Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyles, including prolonged screen time and reduced exercise.<br />• Genetics: Family history can predispose individuals to obesity.<br />• Medical Conditions & Medications: Conditions like hypothyroidism and medications such as steroids can contribute to weight gain.<br />Health Risks of Obesity<br />Obesity increases the risk of several serious health conditions, including:<br />• Cardiovascular Diseases: High blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.<br />• Type 2 Diabetes: Impaired insulin function leading to high blood sugar levels.<br />• Respiratory Issues: Obstructive sleep apnea and reduced lung function.<br />• Joint Problems: Increased pressure on joints leads to arthritis and mobility issues.<br />• Mental Health Disorders: Depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are common.<br />Prevention and Management<br />Obesity is largely preventable and manageable through lifestyle changes:<br />• Healthy Eating: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.<br />• Regular Physical Activity: At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.<br />• Behavioral Changes: Mindful eating, portion control, and stress management.<br />• Medical and Surgical Interventions: In severe cases, medications or bariatric surgery may be recommended.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition with serious health consequences. Public health policies, awareness campaigns, and individual efforts are crucial in addressing this epidemic. Early intervention and sustained lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risks associated with obesity.<br />BY<br />B.M.TECH<br />OSAMAH AZIZ<br />References:<br />• World Health Organization (WHO) – www.who.int (https://www.who.int)<br />• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – www.cdc.gov (https://www.cdc.gov<br />• National Institutes of Health (NIH) – www.nih.gov (https://www.nih.gov<br />www.who.int (https://www.who.int)<br />Al-Mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq