Plants contain many important molecules that play vital roles in their lives and help in many medical and agricultural applications. Among these molecules are:<br /><br />Polyphenols:<br />Found in many plants such as grapes, apples, and green tea. These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and some studies have shown that they contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.<br /><br />Flavonoids:<br />These are molecules found in many plants such as citrus fruits and dark chocolate. Flavonoids act as antioxidants and fight free radicals, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.<br /><br />Alkaloids:<br />Found in plants such as tobacco, coca, and chamomile. Alkaloids have powerful biological effects, some of which can be toxic, while others are used in medicines (such as morphine and quinine).<br /><br />Terpenoids:<br />Found in many plants such as aromatic flowers and pine trees. Terpenoids are used in the perfume and pharmaceutical industries, and have antibacterial and antifungal properties.<br /><br />Organic Acids:<br />Such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and citric acid, which are found in fruits such as citrus fruits. These acids play a role in enhancing immunity and fighting infections.<br /><br />Essential Oils:<br />Found in many aromatic plants such as lavender and mint. Essential oils are used in aromatherapy and as antibacterial and antifungal agents.<br /><br />Sugars:<br />Such as glucose and fructose, which plants use as a primary source of energy. Some plants also contain other sugars that are used for medicinal purposes.<br /><br />These molecules are not only important for the plants themselves, but they also play a major role in folk medicine and modern medical industries.<br /><br /><br />AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq