Forensic evidence is the evidence used in criminal investigations to determine whether a crime has been committed and who is responsible. It plays a crucial role in building and documenting cases, helping judicial authorities uncover the truth.<br /><br />Types of Forensic Evidence:<br /> 1. Physical Evidence: Includes weapons, clothing, hair, fibers, and fingerprints.<br /> 2. Biological Evidence: Consists of blood, semen, hair, skin cells, and DNA samples.<br /> 3. Digital Evidence: Includes data stored on electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones.<br /> 4. Testimonial Evidence: Comprises witness and suspect statements.<br /> 5. Forensic Medical Evidence: Includes autopsy reports that determine the cause of death, injuries, or wounds.<br /> 6. Chemical Evidence: Involves substances such as drugs, toxins, or any chemical materials related to the crime.<br /><br />The Role of Forensic Evidence in Investigations:<br /> • Ensuring Justice: Forensic evidence helps confirm or refute a suspect’s involvement in a crime.<br /> • Proving Guilt or Innocence: It can be crucial in convicting or acquitting a suspect.<br /> • Guiding Investigations: It can determine the time and location of a crime and direct investigators toward the right leads.<br /><br />Challenges in Forensic Evidence:<br /> • Evidence Analysis: Requires specialized expertise and advanced technology.<br /> • Handling and Preservation: Proper storage and handling are necessary to prevent tampering or loss.<br /> • Human Perception: Witness statements and testimonies can sometimes be inaccurate or misleading.<br /><br />Forensic evidence is one of the essential pillars in modern judicial systems, continuously evolving as a crucial field in criminal investigations.<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University – The First University in Iraq