Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable rich in nutrients beneficial to human health. It is distinguished by its green color and unique flavor, and is used in many dishes around the world due to its numerous health benefits.<br />Scientific Classification<br />Kingdom: Plantae<br />Phylum: Angiosperms<br />Order: Brassicales<br />Family: Brassicaceae<br />Genus: Brassica<br />Species: Brassica oleracea<br />Cultivar: Italica<br />Botanical Description<br />Stem: Relatively short and bears a large, green flower head.<br />Leaves: Dark green, slightly broad, and wavy-edged.<br />Flowers: Formed from small buds that form the broccoli head before opening.<br />Roots: Fibrous and branched below the soil surface.<br />Where Broccoli is Grown<br />It is grown in temperate and cold climates.<br />It is widely produced in China (the world's largest producer), India, the United States, Italy, Spain, and Mexico.<br />Nutritional value per 100 grams of fresh broccoli<br />Health benefits of broccoli<br />1. Boosting immune system health<br />Rich in vitamin C and antioxidants that strengthen immunity and protect against disease.<br />2. Supporting heart health: Contains fiber and potassium, which help lower cholesterol and blood pressure.<br />3. Strengthening bones<br />Provides calcium and vitamin K, both essential for bone health.<br />4. Improving digestion<br />Dietary fiber helps promote bowel movements and prevent constipation.<br />5. Cancer prevention<br />Contains organosulfur compounds such as sulforaphane, which contribute to reducing the risk of cancer.<br />6. Maintaining eye health<br />Rich in vitamin A and lutein, which helps protect the eyes from age-related diseases.<br />Common uses of broccoli:<br />Eat fresh in salads.<br />Steamed to preserve its nutritional value.<br />Used in stir-fries with other vegetables.<br />Used in soups and vegetarian dishes.<br />Potential harms and warnings:<br />Excessive consumption may cause gas and bloating due to its fiber content. It contains vitamin K, which may affect the effectiveness of blood-thinning medications. It may cause thyroid disorders when consumed in large quantities raw due to its goitrogenic compounds.<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University is the First university in Iraq.