Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease in which the immune system of the body affects the central nervous system (CNS). Although no particular antigens (proteins that stimulate the immune system) have been found in MS, most doctors believe it is an autoimmune illness.<br />Certain structures and cells in the CNS, such as myelin (the fatty sheath that surrounds and protects nerve fibers), oligodendrocytes (myelin generating cells), and nerve fibers below myelin, are attacked and damaged by the immune system.<br />The aberrant immune response found in MS involves a variety of cells. T cells and B cells are two essential types of immune cells.<br />*T cells get activated in the lymph system, and in MS, blood arteries allow them to enter the CNS. T cells emit substances that cause inflammation and damage once they enter the CNS. Myelin, nerve fibers, and the cells that create myelin are all damaged as a result of this. <br />* T regulatory cells are a type of T cell that reduces or eliminates inflammation. T regulatory cells do not function properly in MS, and they are unable to efficiently turn off inflammation.<br />* Cytotoxic T cells, often known as "killer T cells," assault and kill cells that exhibit certain features.<br />* T cells assist in the activation of B cells. In MS, B cells create antibodies and stimulate other proteins, which cause CNS damage.<br /><br />The Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has 2 aspects: immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for the underlying immune disorder and therapies to relieve or modify symptoms. IMT is directed toward reducing the frequency of relapses and slowing progression. most disease-modifying agents have been approved for use only in relapsing forms of MS. Mitoxantrone is also approved for the treatment of secondary (long-term) progressive and progressive relapsing MS.<br />Myelin damage and the nervous system<br />In multiple sclerosis, the protective coating on nerve fibers (myelin) in the central nervous system is damaged. This creates a lesion that, depending on the location in the central nervous system, may cause symptoms such as numbness, pain or tingling in parts of the body.<br />https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-MS/Definition-of-MS/Immune-mediated-disease<br /><br />