Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 4%-20% of women in reproductive age worldwide.<br /> The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unconfirmed. Some risk factors for the disease are obesity, insulin resistance, genetic factors, and diet.<br />It is a multifaceted disease with several metabolic disturbances like (insulin resistance), obesity, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. One of the main pathophysiological characteristics of PCOS is defined as insulin resistance (IR), which exacerbates the clinical appearance of PCOS and contributes to hyperandrogenism (increase in free androgen levels) can lead to an increase in PCOS symptoms like acne, hirsutism, and ovulatory dysfunction.<br />Diagnosis done by Rotterdam criteria, it is characterized by any two of these three criteria : hyperandrogenism symptoms (hirsutism, acne and ovulatory dysfunction(oligo-ovulation/anovulation)), polycystic changes by ultrasound and hormonal laboratory changes.<br /><br /><br />Aetiology: <br />In addition to genetic factor and family history there are other factors could be contributed to the syndrome<br />Dietary Influence<br />• High Glycemic Index Foods: Consuming ultra-processed foods rich in trans fats and high glycemic index carbohydrates can lead to insulin resistance and Western diets were associated with a higher risk of PCOS.<br />• Nutrient Deficiency: Lack of essential nutrients like vitamin D, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids B9 may contribute to hormonal imbalances.<br />• Inflammatory Foods: Diets high in sugar, processed meats, and unhealthy fats can increase inflammation, worsening PCOS symptoms.<br />Environmental Factors<br />• Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Exposure to environmental toxins like bisphenol A (BPA), pesticides, and industrial pollutants can interfere with hormonal balance and metabolic pathways, contributing to PCOS.<br />• Obesity & Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyles and obesity are strongly linked to PCOS, as excess fat tissue can lead to hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome.<br />• Socioeconomic & Geographical Variations: Studies suggest that socioeconomic status and geographical location may influence PCOS prevalence due to differences in diet, pollution levels, and healthcare access.<br />Conclusion: <br />Understanding these factors can help in managing PCOS through lifestyle modifications, including balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and reducing exposure to environmental toxins. <br />the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) . It is a healthy-eating plan that's designed to help treat or prevent high blood pressure by decreasing sodium in diets.), also fruits, nuts, and seeds, such as pumpkin and sunflower, are associated with a lower risk of PCOS. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) diet reduces the risk of hyperandrogenic or oligo anovulatory phenotypes.<br />Regular physical activities (aerobic and resistance exercises) also enhance metabolic function and help to reduce weight, achieve glucose homeostasis, balance hormone levels, and improve overall quality of life. Among all the forms of exercise, the aerobic exercise (AE) (Physical activity that increases the heart rate and the body's use of oxygen) was found to be more effective in PCOS.<br />Dr.Ban.dhahir.thabbah<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University is the first in Iraq.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />