Introduction<br />Did you know that the human body contains more bacteria than cells? These microscopic organisms, which live inside our bodies, especially in the gut, are known as the human microbiome. Despite their small size, they play a significant role in health, digestion, immunity, and even psychological well-being.<br />What is the microbiome?<br />The microbiome is a vast collection of:<br />Bacteria<br />Fungi<br />Viruses<br />Other microorganisms<br />These organisms live in various parts of the body, such as:<br />The intestine (the most numerous)<br />The skin<br />The mouth<br />The reproductive system<br />Most of these organisms are harmless; in fact, they are beneficial and live with us in a symbiotic relationship.<br />Functions of the microbiome in the body<br />1. Digestion and Nutrient Absorption<br />Gut bacteria help digest fiber and break down some complex foods.<br /> It produces important vitamins such as vitamin K and some B vitamins.<br />2. Immune System Support<br />It helps train the immune system to distinguish between harmful and harmless organisms.<br />It prevents the growth of harmful bacteria by competing with them for food and space.<br />3. Impact on Psychological State<br />There is a direct connection between the gut and the brain, known as the "gut-brain axis."<br />Some gut bacteria secrete substances that affect mood, anxiety, and depression, such as serotonin.<br />4. Weight Regulation and Metabolism<br />The type of microbes in the gut may affect appetite and weight.<br />Microbiome imbalance may be linked to obesity and diabetes.<br />What Affects Microbiome Health?<br />Diet: High-fiber foods and probiotics (such as yogurt) stimulate beneficial bacteria.<br />Antibiotics: Kill both beneficial and harmful bacteria, leading to an imbalance.<br /> Birth and Breastfeeding: Babies who are born naturally and breastfed have a stronger microbiome.<br />Stress and lack of sleep can negatively impact the balance of microbes.<br />Can we improve our microbiome?<br />Yes! By following some tips:<br />Eat a diet rich in fiber, vegetables, and fruits.<br />Use probiotics (supplements or foods containing beneficial bacteria).<br />Avoid the overuse of antibiotics.<br />Maintain a healthy lifestyle (sleep, exercise, stress reduction).<br />Conclusion<br />The human microbiome is an invisible world, yet it is vital to our physical and mental health. When we keep it balanced, we give our bodies a better ability to resist disease and live a higher quality of life.<br /><br />Al _ Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq<br />Prepared by: Shahad Nawras Abbas<br />