<br />The role of engineering in anesthesia delivery and control during surgeries is pivotal in ensuring patient safety and optimal outcomes. Modern anesthesia machines, developed through advancements in biomedical engineering, are designed to precisely administer anesthetic gases, maintain the proper levels of oxygen, and regulate the concentration of various gases used to keep patients unconscious and pain-free during surgery. These machines feature advanced controls that allow anesthesiologists to adjust the delivery of anesthetic agents in real-time, based on continuous monitoring of the patient’s vital signs.<br /><br />One of the major engineering innovations is the incorporation of real-time monitoring systems that track heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and carbon dioxide levels. These systems alert medical professionals to any potential complications, enabling quick intervention when necessary. Furthermore, the integration of computer-assisted technologies helps in managing the dosage of anesthetic agents, reducing human error and ensuring more consistent and effective anesthesia management.<br /><br />Advanced engineering has also contributed to the development of targeted drug delivery systems, such as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps, which allow patients to administer their own pain relief within a set limit. These devices improve patient comfort and minimize the risk of over-administration or under-administration of pain medications.<br /><br />As technology advances, engineering continues to play a crucial role in refining anesthesia delivery systems, improving their precision, safety, and efficiency. By enhancing the control and monitoring of anesthesia, engineering innovations not only improve the quality of care but also reduce risks during surgeries, ensuring that patients undergo procedures with minimal complications and faster recovery times<br />م.م. زمزم علي <br />Al-Mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq<br />