Chronic stomach bacteria, medically known as Helicobacter pylori, is a type of bacteria that lives in the lining of the stomach and causes chronic inflammation. This bacterium is capable of surviving in the acidic environment of the stomach, allowing it to remain undetected for long periods, often without noticeable symptoms.<br /><br />The infection is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water, or through direct contact with an infected person, especially in environments with poor hygiene. Once the bacteria enter the stomach, they begin to damage the protective mucus layer that shields the stomach lining, leading to irritation and inflammation. Over time, this may develop into ulcers or more serious complications.<br /><br />Symptoms can include upper abdominal pain, burning sensations, nausea, bloating, or even loss of appetite and weight. In advanced cases, internal bleeding may occur, which can present as dark stools or vomiting blood. Chronic infection may also lead to anemia or vitamin B12 deficiency and can increase the risk of developing stomach cancer.<br /><br />Diagnosis involves several tests, including the urea breath test, stool antigen test, blood tests, or in some cases, a biopsy through endoscopy. Treatment typically includes a combination of antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications for 10 to 14 days. A follow-up test is often recommended to ensure the bacteria have been completely eradicated.<br /><br />Prevention relies heavily on good personal hygiene, such as regular handwashing, drinking clean water, and avoiding food from untrusted sources. Although chronic stomach bacteria can be silent, it is a treatable condition when detected early. Paying attention to any unusual digestive symptoms and seeking medical advice can help avoid serious complications.<br />By:Huda Rfid Abd Alkhaliq<br />AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq