Painkillers are among the most widely used medications worldwide, with many people resorting to them to relieve headaches, joint pain, or even menstrual cramps. Although they are sometimes sold without a prescription, excessive use can lead to serious health complications.<br />What are painkillers?<br />Painkillers are medications that help relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. The most common types are:<br />Paracetamol (Panadol)<br />Ibuprofen (Brufen)<br />Aspirin<br />Stronger painkillers such as codeine and morphine (prescription only)<br />Harmful effects of overuse of painkillers<br />Liver and kidney damage<br />Repeated use of paracetamol or anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen can lead to liver or kidney failure, especially when taken at high doses or for long periods.<br />Ulcers and intestinal bleeding<br />Some painkillers, such as aspirin, can erode the stomach lining, leading to ulcers or internal bleeding.<br /> Addiction<br />Some strong painkillers contain addictive substances, such as codeine and morphine, and a person may become physically and psychologically dependent on them.<br />Headaches caused by painkiller overuse<br />This is called "medication overuse headache," where the painkiller turns from a solution to pain into a cause.<br />Effects on the heart and blood pressure<br />Some types of painkillers may raise blood pressure or increase the risk of heart disease.<br />When should we use painkillers?<br />Only when absolutely necessary.<br />Under medical supervision, especially if the pain persists for more than a few days.<br />Adhere to the recommended dosage and do not exceed it.<br />Natural alternatives for pain relief:<br />Rest and adequate sleep.<br />Cold or hot compresses depending on the type of pain.<br />Gentle exercise.<br />Using natural oils or herbs under the supervision of a specialist.<br />Conclusion<br />Painkillers are beneficial if used correctly, but they can be dangerous if misused. Prevention is better than cure, and you should always consult a doctor before using medications for long periods or in high doses.<br />Al _ Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq<br />Prepared by: Shahad Nawras Abbas<br />