Introduction<br />With the accelerating pace of climate change globally, it has become essential to reassess the performance of engineering structures, particularly concrete structures, which are widely used in buildings, bridges, dams, and infrastructure. Changes in temperature, humidity levels, increased rainfall, and rising sea levels have both direct and indirect effects on the service life of these structures. This article highlights the key impacts of climate change and suggests strategies for adaptation and mitigation.<br /><br />1. What Is the Service Life of Concrete Structures?<br />Service life refers to the period during which a structure can perform its intended function safely and efficiently, without requiring major maintenance or repairs. It is influenced by environmental, structural, and operational factors.<br /><br />2. Key Effects of Climate Change<br />1. Rising Temperatures<br />Causes repeated expansion and contraction of concrete elements, which can lead to surface or deep cracks.<br /><br />Accelerates corrosion reactions in reinforcing steel, especially in humid or marine environments.<br /><br />Reduces the effectiveness of curing when concrete is cast in extremely hot conditions.<br /><br />2. Increased Humidity and Rainfall<br />Water infiltration into concrete increases, leading to reinforcement corrosion and deterioration of the concrete cover.<br /><br />Triggers harmful chemical reactions such as alkali-silica reaction (ASR), causing cracking and expansion.<br /><br />3. Rising Sea Levels and Salinity<br />Chloride intrusion from saltwater significantly accelerates steel corrosion.<br /><br />Requires the use of concrete mixes resistant to sulfates and chlorides for coastal structures.<br /><br />4. Extreme Weather Events (Floods, Hurricanes)<br />Impose unexpected loads that can compromise structural safety.<br /><br />Lead to scour of foundations, especially for bridges and riverside buildings.<br /><br />3. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies<br />Strategy Description<br />Improving Concrete Mix Design Using mineral and chemical admixtures to enhance resistance to permeability and cracking.<br />Increasing Concrete Cover Thickness Provides better protection for reinforcing steel against corrosion.<br />Using Advanced Materials Such as High-Performance Concrete (HPC) or self-healing concrete.<br />Regular Maintenance and Smart Monitoring Installing sensors to detect early signs of corrosion, moisture, and cracking.<br />Updating Engineering Codes Incorporating climate change considerations into design, especially in coastal zones.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />Climate change is no longer just an environmental issue—it is a direct challenge to structural and infrastructure engineering. Engineers must recognize these impacts and incorporate them into design, construction, and maintenance practices to ensure the durability and safety of concrete structures in the coming decades. Proactive planning and the adoption of modern materials and technologies are no longer optional—they are essential.<br /><br />