Introduction<br />Soil serves as the foundation upon which the road structure is built and plays a vital role in determining the efficiency and stability of the road over the long term. In many road construction projects, soils face challenges such as weakness, low cohesion, or susceptibility to sliding, necessitating the use of soil stabilization techniques to ensure the road can withstand various loads and achieve sustainability. This article reviews the main soil stabilization techniques used in road construction and their role in enhancing infrastructure performance.<br /><br />Importance of Soil Stabilization in Road Construction<br />Improving the soil’s ability to bear heavy traffic loads.<br /><br />Increasing soil stability and reducing the risk of landslides and settlement.<br /><br />Minimizing the impact of environmental factors like water and climate changes on the soil.<br /><br />Enhancing the physical and chemical properties of soil to meet project requirements.<br /><br />Soil Stabilization Techniques in Road Construction<br />1. Compaction and Mechanical Improvement of Soil<br />Compressing the soil using compaction equipment to increase density and reduce air voids.<br /><br />Adjusting particle size distribution in soil to achieve better cohesion.<br /><br />2. Chemical Stabilization<br />Adding materials like lime or cement to stabilize the soil and increase its strength.<br /><br />Using other minerals such as phosphates or modern chemicals to improve properties.<br /><br />3. Use of Geotextiles<br />Installing geotextile fabrics within soil layers to separate and reinforce them.<br /><br />These fabrics help distribute loads and reduce soil movement.<br /><br />4. Stabilization with Additives<br />Using organic or industrial additives such as petrochemicals to improve soil resistance to water and pressure.<br /><br />Adding bonding agents to improve internal cohesion.<br /><br />5. Filling and Reinforcement with Aggregate<br />Mixing soil with coarse aggregate to reduce compression and improve drainage.<br /><br />Using reinforced base layers with hard aggregates.<br /><br />6. Grouting Stabilization<br />Injecting hardening materials into the soil to fill voids and increase density and strength.<br /><br />Practical Applications of Soil Stabilization Techniques<br />Improving clayey soils in weak soil road areas.<br /><br />Stabilizing soils in mountainous regions to reduce landslide risks.<br /><br />Reinforcing soils in desert roads to resist wind erosion.<br /><br />Benefits of Soil Stabilization in Road Projects<br />Increasing the road’s lifespan and improving its durability.<br /><br />Reducing maintenance and repair costs.<br /><br />Enhancing traffic safety by minimizing cracks and settlements.<br /><br />Supporting project sustainability and reducing environmental impact.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />Soil stabilization techniques are fundamental factors in designing and building modern roads, significantly contributing to ensuring road quality and stability against environmental and traffic challenges. With continuous advancements in stabilization materials and techniques, soil improvement has become more efficient and effective, positively reflecting on road performance and quality.