Prepared by: Ms. Tabarak Ahmed Turki Al-Azzawi<br /><br />Introduction<br />High blood pressure is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Often referred to as the “silent killer,” it can cause severe damage without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Among the organs most directly and continuously affected by high blood pressure are the kidneys, which play a key role in filtering blood and regulating blood pressure through fluid and salt balance.<br />The Role of the Kidneys in Blood Pressure Regulation<br />The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by:<br /> • Controlling the volume of fluids in the body<br /> • Releasing hormones such as renin that influence the narrowing of blood vessels<br /> • Adjusting the concentrations of salts like sodium and potassium<br />When the body experiences chronic high blood pressure, these regulatory functions begin to deteriorate gradually.<br />How Does High Blood Pressure Affect the Kidneys?<br /> 1. Damage to the Tiny Blood Vessels in the Kidneys<br />High blood pressure causes the blood vessels to narrow and harden, which reduces blood flow to the kidneys.<br /> 2. Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)<br />Over time, the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood declines.<br /> 3. Increased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)<br />High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney failure, following diabetes.<br />Prevention and Management<br /> • Controlling blood pressure with medications and a healthy lifestyle<br /> • Following a low-sodium diet<br /> • Regularly monitoring kidney function, especially in patients with hypertension<br /> • Engaging in regular physical activity and avoiding smoking<br />Conclusion<br />High blood pressure threatens not only the heart and brain but also poses a serious risk to the kidneys, which may silently sustain damage over the years. Early and effective blood pressure management is one of the best strategies to prevent kidney disease and preserve their essential functions.<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University ، The First University in Iraq