Planet Earth is facing escalating environmental challenges due to climate change, which is considered one of the most dangerous phenomena threatening ecosystems and human life. Therefore, it has become essential to develop smart and sustainable solutions capable of predicting environmental phenomena, efficiently managing natural resources, and reducing the negative impacts of human activities. Smart systems, based on artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data analytics, play a pivotal role in this field, making them vital tools in addressing environmental challenges.<br />Definition of Smart Systems<br />Smart systems are technologies that rely on artificial intelligence algorithms, sensors, and internet-connected networks to collect, analyze data, and make automatic decisions or provide accurate recommendations. These systems not only interact with the environment but also learn from it and evolve over time to improve <br />Applications of Smart Systems in Combating Climate Change<br />1. Weather Prediction and Natural Disaster Forecasting<br />Smart models rely on historical and real-time climate data to predict storms, floods, heatwaves, and droughts. These forecasts help save lives, reduce material damage, and enhance emergency response strategies.<br />2. Air Quality and Carbon Emissions Monitoring<br />Smart cities utilize advanced sensors to monitor air pollutants and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Smart systems can analyze this data in real time and make instant decisions, such as reducing traffic flow or adjusting industrial activity.<br />3. Smart Agriculture<br />Smart systems enable farmers to monitor soil, moisture levels, and nutrient content using IoT technologies. This helps improve crop yields using fewer resources, reduce water and energy consumption, and thus lower the agricultural carbon footprint.<br />4. Renewable Energy Management<br />Smart grids help manage the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind more efficiently. They enable energy production forecasting, storage, and distribution according to demand, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.<br />5. Smart Recycling and Waste Management<br />Some countries use smart systems equipped with computer vision to automatically process and sort waste. Mobile applications are also used to guide individuals on how to dispose of waste in an environmentally friendly manner.<br />Challenges Facing Environmental Smart Systems<br />Despite the benefits of smart systems, several challenges limit their use, including:<br />• High initial cost of technologies.<br />• The need for advanced digital infrastructure.<br />• Privacy and data protection concerns.<br /><br />Al-Mustaqbal University, the Number One University in Iraq.<br /><br /><br />