<br />Introduction<br />Cortisol is one of the most important hormones produced by the body and is often referred to as the "stress hormone." It plays a key role in regulating a wide range of vital processes, such as metabolism, the immune system, and responses to psychological and physical stress. It is secreted by the adrenal gland, a small gland located above the kidneys.<br /><br />What is cortisol?<br />Cortisol is a steroid hormone released in response to stress or danger. It is part of the body's "stress response system," known as the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis.<br />Cortisol's Functions in the Body<br /> Regulating Metabolism:<br />Helps regulate blood glucose (sugar) levels.<br />Stimulates the breakdown of fats and proteins for energy.<br /> Stress Response:<br />Released in situations of tension, anxiety, and fear.<br />Increases focus, attention, and alertness.<br /> Boosting immunity (short-term):<br />Reduces inflammation and temporarily suppresses some immune system functions.<br /> Regulates sleep-wake cycles:<br />It rises in the morning to help wake you up, and decreases at night to prepare you for sleep.<br />High cortisol: Causes and harms<br />When the body is exposed to chronic stress, cortisol levels remain consistently high, causing:<br />Weight gain, especially in the abdominal area.<br />Weakened immune system.<br />High blood pressure.<br />Mood swings and anxiety.<br />Sleep problems and insomnia.<br />Osteoporosis and muscle weakness.<br />Low cortisol: When does it occur?<br />In some conditions, such as Addison's disease, cortisol production decreases significantly, leading to:<br />General weakness and persistent fatigue.<br />Low blood pressure.\<br />Weight loss.<br />Mood changes.<br />How to regulate cortisol levels<br /> Practice meditation and relaxation<br /> Get good, regular sleep.<br /> Follow a healthy, balanced diet.<br /> Do moderate exercise.<br /> Avoid sources of psychological stress.<br />Conclusion<br />Cortisol is not a harmful hormone in and of itself; it is essential for human life and helps the body adapt to stress. However, balance is key; excessive or deficient levels can lead to physical and psychological health problems.<br /><br /><br />Al _ Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq<br />Prepared by: Shahad Nawras Abbas<br />