Introduction<br />Lactase deficiency is a common digestive disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for digesting the lactose sugar found in milk and dairy products. This deficiency results in distressing symptoms that can affect quality of life if not treated properly.<br />What is lactase?<br />Lactase is an enzyme secreted in the small intestine. Its function is to break down lactose (milk sugar) into two simpler units, glucose and galactose, so that they can be absorbed into the blood.<br />Causes of lactase deficiency:<br />Primary (hereditary) lactase deficiency:<br />The most common type of lactase deficiency, it usually begins after infancy.<br />It is most prevalent in people of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.<br />Secondary lactase deficiency:<br />It results from a disease affecting the small intestine, such as:<br />Intestinal infections<br />Crohn's disease<br /> Celiac disease (gluten sensitivity).<br />Chemotherapy or long-term antibiotic use.<br />Congenital lactase deficiency (rare):<br />A rare condition in which a child is born unable to produce lactase at all.<br />Symptoms of lactase deficiency:<br />Symptoms usually appear after consuming dairy products and include:<br />Abdominal bloating.<br />Gas.<br />Diarrhea.<br />Croccoli and abdominal pain.<br />Nausea (especially in children).<br />Diagnosis of lactase deficiency:<br />Hydrogen breath test: The amount of hydrogen in the breath after consuming lactose.<br />Lactose tolerance test: Monitoring blood glucose levels after drinking a solution containing lactose.<br />Stool test for young children.<br />Genetic testing (rare).<br />Treatment and management:<br />Avoid or reduce dairy consumption.<br />Use lactose-free products.<br />Take lactase enzyme supplements before consuming dairy.<br />Replace animal milk with plant-based milks, such as:<br />Almond milk.<br />Soy milk.<br />Oat milk.<br /> Note: Ensure adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D are obtained from alternative sources or supplements.<br />Is lactase deficiency a serious condition?<br />Lactase deficiency is not a serious condition, but it can cause significant discomfort unless a proper diet is followed. With a correct diagnosis and proper nutrition, those affected can lead completely normal lives.<br />Conclusion<br />Lactase deficiency is a common condition and easy to manage once they are aware of it. By adjusting their diet and consulting a doctor or nutritionist, they can control symptoms and enjoy good digestive health.<br />Al-Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq<br />Prepared by Ms. Shahd Nawras Abbas